############### ## Einheit 1 ## ############### ## Arbeitsverzeichnis ############################# getwd() setwd("~/Work/WU/Aufbaukurs/R-Notes/") getwd() dir() ## Taschnerechner ################################# 1 2 1 + 2 1 - 2 4 * 5 4 / 5 4 ^ 2 sin(0) cos(0) tan(0) exp(0) log(1) log(0) log(exp(1)) 0 / 0 x <- 1 x x + 1 y <- x + 1 y x * y x / y remove(x, y) ## Vektoren ####################################### ALTER <- c(21, 24, 28) ALTER ALTER <- c(ALTER, 21) ALTER mean(ALTER) ALTER[2] ALTER[1:3] ALTER[-3] NAMEN <- c("Hans", "Martha", "Franz-Xaver", "Kunigunde") NAMEN seq(1, 5) seq(1, 5, by = 2) seq(1, 5, length = 9) 1:5 rep(1:4, 2) rep(1:4, c(2, 2, 2, 2)) rep(1:4, c(1, 2, 3, 4)) SEX <- rep(c("m", "f"), c(20, 10)) length(SEX) SEX remove(ALTER, NAMEN, SEX) ## Tabellen ####################################### CMMRCIAL <- read.table("cmmrcial.tab", header = TRUE) class(CMMRCIAL) dim(CMMRCIAL) names(CMMRCIAL) CMMRCIAL$CEREAL CMMRCIAL[["CEREAL"]] CMMRCIAL[[2]] CMMRCIAL[,"CEREAL"] CMMRCIAL[,2] CMMRCIAL[c(1, 8, 22), c("RECALL", "CEREAL")] CMMRCIAL[c(1, 8, 22), 3] CMMRCIAL[c(1, 8, 22), ] table(CMMRCIAL[CMMRCIAL$CEREAL == "CC", "GROUP"]) search() attach(CMMRCIAL) search() table(CMMRCIAL[CEREAL == "CC", "GROUP"]) objects("CMMRCIAL") search() detach(CMMRCIAL) search() table(subset(CMMRCIAL, CEREAL == "CC", GROUP)) remove(CMMRCIAL) ## Import und Export von Daten #################### library(foreign) x <- read.spss("cmmrcial.sav") CMMRCIAL <- as.data.frame(x) dim(CMMRCIAL) names(CMMRCIAL) CMMRCIAL <- read.csv("cmmrcial.csv") dim(CMMRCIAL) names(CMMRCIAL) write.table(CMMRCIAL, file = "cmmrcial.csv", sep = ",", row.names = FALSE) save(CMMRCIAL, file = "cmmrcial.rda") load("cmmrcial.rda") remove(x, CMMRCIAL) ## Kategoriale Merkmale in R ###################### SEX <- c(1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0) SEX sum(SEX) SEX <- factor(SEX, levels = c(0, 1), labels = c("m", "f")) class(SEX) SEX summary(SEX) GRADES <- ordered(c(1, 5, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5), levels = 1:5, labels = c("A", "B", "C", "D", "F")) class(GRADES) GRADES CMMRCIAL <- read.table("cmmrcial.tab", header = TRUE) CMMRCIAL$CEREAL[1:10] GRADES <- cut(c(0, 12, 24), c(-1, 11, 17, 21, 23, 24)) GRADES levels(GRADES) <- c("A", "B", "C", "D", "F") GRADES summary(GRADES) remove(SEX, GRADES, CMMRCIAL) ## Numerische Beschreibung ######################## CMMRCIAL <- read.table("cmmrcial.tab", header = TRUE) attach(CMMRCIAL) table(CEREAL) table(CEREAL) / length(CEREAL) absH <- table(CEREAL) relH <- absH / length(CEREAL) cbind(absH = absH, relH = relH) detach(CMMRCIAL) remove(CMMRCIAL) absH <- as.table(c("keine" = 2310, "gering" = 3783, "hoch" = 4397, "sehr hoch" = 844)) absH relH <- absH / sum(absH) relH cumsum(relH) cbind("abs H" = absH, "rel H" = relH, "kum rel H" = cumsum(relH)) remove(absH, relH) ## Grafische Beschreibung ######################### CMMRCIAL <- read.table("cmmrcial.tab", header = TRUE) attach(CMMRCIAL) tab <- table(CEREAL) barplot(tab) pie(tab, col = 1:4) detach(CMMRCIAL) remove(CMMRCIAL)